The energy efficiency and consumption of mobile networks have received increasing attention from academics and industry in recent years. This has been provoked by rapid increases in mobile data traffi.
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The term 5G was first associated with the 's standard. It defines peak download and upload rates of 20 and 10 Gbit/s. The (3GPP) later proposed its (NR) technology for IMT-2020. 5G NR operates in two bands:.
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In 2008, and the conducted nanosatellite communication studies that influenced early next-generation network concepts. In 2012, established NYU Wireless, a research center focused on communication. The same year, the founded the.
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To address limitations of macro base stations, small base stations that offer small size, low cost, high performance, low power consumption, and easy deployment have emerged.
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